Banana skipper

Alert

Be on the lookout for banana skipper and report any sightings within 24 hours.

Reporting options

Banana skipper (Erionota thrax) is a high-priority pest of bananas. It poses a significant threat to Australia's banana industry.

Banana skipper caterpillars damage banana plants by shredding leaves and making numerous rolls of the leaf blade, up to 15cm long, to feed safely inside them. Damage of up to 60% of the leaf area of banana plants has been recorded during outbreaks.

Banana skipper larvae were collected on Saibai Island in the Torres Strait on 11 May 2021 during routine surveillance activities. Biosecurity Queensland is responding to this detection.

Banana skipper is a category 4 Emergency Plant Pest under Schedule 13 of the Emergency Plant Pest Response Deed and is listed as prohibited matter in the Biosecurity Act 2014.

Scientific name

Erionota thrax

Other names

  • Banana skipper butterfly
  • Banana leafroller

Description

Adult butterfly

  • Brown with 3 yellow-white areas at the front of the wings.
  • Wingspan approximately 7cm.
  • Most active in the early evening.
  • Move in fast, darting, skipping motion.
  • Attracted to light.

Larvae

  • Shred banana leaves and cause leaf rolling.
  • Shiny black heads, narrow necks and pale green bodies.
  • Covered in white waxy powder.
  • Grow to 6cm.

Pupae

  • Found inside the leaf roll.
  • Covered in white waxy powder.

Eggs

  • Small, yellow.
  • Laid singly or in batches of up to 25 on the underside of banana leaves.

Plant damage

  • Rolled up leaves extending to 15cm.
  • Fine white powdery substance in rolled-up leaves.

Distribution

Widespread in South-East Asia; also found in Papua New Guinea, Mauritius, Guam and Hawaii.

Banana skipper has not previously been recorded in Australia. However, Biosecurity Queensland is responding to a detection of the pest on Saibai Island, which is part of Queensland located just 4km south of Papua New Guinea. Saibai Island is over 700km from the nearest Australian commercial banana production area.

Hosts

  • Banana.
  • Musa species, including Manila hemp (Musa textalis).

Life cycle

Several generations may be produced during a year. Eggs are laid singly or in groups of up to 25 on the underside of banana leaves and hatch after 5–8 days.

There are 5 larval stages over 30 days. Later larval stages are covered in a white waxy powder. Larvae spin strong threads, shred leaves and roll them into a shelter to hide and feed.

Pupation occurs inside the leaf roll and takes 8–12 days.

Plants affected

  • Banana
  • Musa species, including Manila hemp (Musa textalis)

Impacts

Damage of up to 60% of the leaf area of banana plants has been recorded during outbreaks. If the outbreak comes at the time of fruiting, yields are lower due to delayed fruit maturity and reduced bunch size.

Heavy infestations can lead to complete defoliation of banana plants.

How it is spread

The greatest risk of pest spread is through moving infested plant material with eggs attached to leaves.

Adult moths may also hitchhike in vehicles, machinery or aircraft.

Strong winds may assist adult moths to travel outside localised areas.

Monitoring and action

Inspect your plants regularly for the presence of new pests and unusual symptoms.

Look for rolled-up sections of leaves. Unroll the leaf curls and check for the presence of the caterpillars and/or their white powdery covering.

The adult butterflies are most active in the early evening and are not commonly seen.

If you suspect banana skipper, report it within 24 hours using 1 of these methods:

Further information