Vaccinating animals against anthrax

Vaccination of animals is the key control measure for managing anthrax outbreaks.

The anthrax vaccine contains living spores of the non-capsulated, naturally avirulent (live) Stern 34F2 strain of Bacillus anthracis.

Apply for vaccine approval

The use of the anthrax vaccine requires approval from the Chief Veterinary Officer (CVO) at Biosecurity Queensland.

Once laboratory results confirm anthrax, the veterinarian must:

  1. Collect supporting information.
  2. Complete the application form.
  3. Submit the application to the CVO for approval.

After approval, the vaccine can be purchased from an approved supplier.

Initial vaccination program

A single vaccination is typically effective for 6–12 months, provided that:

  • animals receive the full dose
    and
  • animals are not under antibiotic therapy within 10–14 days before or after vaccination.

Animals vaccinated twice (at least 6 months apart) are likely to have lifelong immunity.

Approval will normally be given to vaccinate livestock on infected properties.

Exceptions may include:

  • lambs and calves
  • dams immediately prior to lambing or calving.

Vaccination may also be approved for animals on neighbouring properties.

Ongoing vaccination

A vaccination program will be continued for 3 years following an outbreak to cover:

  • new animals introduced on the property
  • calves and lambs once they reach 2 months of age.

This 3-year program allows time for anthrax spores on the soil surface to disperse and inactivate to levels unlikely to cause further disease.

Identification and withholding periods (WHP)

Permanent identification

Vaccinated animals must be permanently identified. The National Livestock Identification System (NLIS) tag is the preferred method.

Other methods include:

  • management tags
  • ear-notching
  • ear tattoos
  • freeze branding.

WHP and export slaughter intervals (ESI)

  • Vaccinated animals are subject to a 42-day WHP and ESI from the date of vaccination.
  • Animals must not be slaughtered for human consumption during this time.
  • Animals moved from the property on which they were vaccinated within the 42 days should be accompanied by a written notice (preferably a National Animal Health Declaration) of the WHP and ESI.

Also consider…